Restauri della Roma Imperiale 1924 r
Givseppe Gatteschi
- Rok wydania: 1924
- Rodzaj okładki: Twarda
- Autor: Givseppe Gatteschi
- Stan: Używana
- ISBN: -
- Wymiar: 34cm x 32cm
- Nr wydania: -
- Seria: -
- Ilość stron: 100
- Waga: 1.5 kg
- Indeks: -
- TIN: T01304756
Tekst w języku włoskim, francuskim, niemieckim oraz angielskim. ; The;Roman Empire;(Latin:;Imperium Rōmānum,;Classical Latin:;[ɪmˈpɛrɪ.ũː roːˈmaːnũː];;Koinē Greek:;Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων,;romanized:;Basileía tōn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Republican;period of;ancient Rome. As a polity it included large territorial holdings around the;Mediterranean Sea;in;Europe,;North Africa;and;West Asia;ruled by;emperors. From the;accession of Caesar Augustus;to the;military anarchy of the third century, it was a;principate;with;Italy;as;metropole;of the;provinces;and its city of;Rome;as sole capital (27 BC – 286 AD). Although fragmented briefly during the military crisis, the empire was forcibly reassembled, then ruled by;multiple emperors;who shared rule over the;Western Roman Empire;(based in;Milan;and later in;Ravenna) and over the;Eastern Roman Empire;(based in;Nicomedia;and later in;Constantinople). Rome remained the nominal capital of both parts until 476 AD, when it sent the imperial insignia to Constantinople (Byzantium;-;Ancient Greek: Βυζάντιον,;Byzántion) following the capture of Ravenna by the barbarians of;Odoacer;and the subsequent deposition of;Romulus Augustus. The;fall of the Western Roman Empire;to;Germanic kings, along with the;hellenization of the Eastern Roman Empire;into the;Byzantine Empire, conventionally marks the end of;Ancient Rome;and the beginning of the;Middle Ages. The predecessor state of the Roman Empire, the;Roman Republic;(which had replaced;Rome's monarchy;in the 6th century BC) became severely destabilized in a series of;civil wars;and political conflicts. In the mid-1st century BC;Julius Caesar;was appointed as perpetual;dictator;and then;assassinated;in 44 BC. Civil wars and;proscriptions;continued, culminating in;the victory;of;Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over;Mark Antony;and;Cleopatra;at the;Battle of Actium;in 31 BC. The following year Octavian;conquered;Ptolemaic Egypt, ending the;Hellenistic period;that had begun with the;conquests;of;Alexander the Great;of;Macedon;in the 4th century BC. Octavian's power then became unassailable, and in 27 BC the;Roman Senate;formally granted him;overarching power;and the new title;Augustus, effectively making him;the first Roman emperor. The;first two centuries of the Empire;saw a period of unprecedented stability and prosperity known as the;Pax Romana;("Roman Peace"). Rome reached its greatest;territorial expanse;during the reign of;Trajan;(98–117 AD). A period of increasing trouble and decline began with the reign of;Commodus;(177-192). In the 3rd century the Empire;underwent a crisis;that threatened its existence, but was reunified under;Aurelian;(r.;270–275). In an effort to stabilize the Empire,;Diocletian;set up two different imperial courts in the;Greek East and Latin West;in 286.;Christians rose to positions of power;in the 4th century following the;Edict of Milan;of 313. Shortly after, the;Migration Period, involving large invasions by;Germanic peoples;and by the;Huns;of;Attila, led to the;decline of the Western Roman Empire. With the;fall of Ravenna;to the;Germanic Herulians;and the;deposition;of;Romulus Augustulus;in 476 AD by;Odoacer, the Western Roman Empire finally collapsed - the (Eastern Roman) Emperor;Zeno;formally abolished it in 480 AD. The Eastern Roman Empire, identified by modern historians under the name of the;Byzantine Empire, survived for another millennium until the Empire's last remains collapsed when;Constantinople fell;to the;Ottoman Turks;of Sultan;Mehmed II;in 1453. (The Ottomans sometimes called their state the "Empire of;Rûm" (Ottoman Turkish:;دولت علنإه روم,;lit.;'Exalted State of Rome'). In this sense, a "Roman" Empire survived until the early-20th century
Uwagi
Brzegi stron zakurzone, Oprawa wytarta, zabrudzona, Brzegi oprawy wytarte, Zawiera naklejkę na oprawie, Strony pożółkłe, Rogi oprawy zagięte, wytarte, Adnotacje i pieczątki pobilioteczne, Blok spójny, Druk czytelny,