PRZEDMIOTEM OFERTY JEST KOD DOSTĘPOWY DO KSIĄŻKI ELEKTRONICZNEJ (EBOOK)
KSIĄŻKA JEST DOSTĘPNA NA ZEWNĘTRZNEJ PLATFORMIE. KSIĄŻKA NIE JEST W POSTACI PLIKU.
Biological Regulation of the Chondrocytes provides a comprehensive examination of the various regulations in which cartilaginous cells are involved. The book's introductory chapter provides an overview of the different types of chondrocyte, while following chapters discuss the various biological regulations implicated in chondrocyte functions, especially the modulation of differentiative properties. Chapters 2 and 3 examine the extracellular matrix components, and Chapter 4 discusses the special case of cultured chondrocytes and the usefulness of in vitro approaches. The following three chapters focus on the complex role of cartilaginous growth factors and cytokines (FGF, TGFB, IGF, and IL1) on the modulation of the chondrocyte properties. Chapter 9 discusses the synoviocyte, and the last four chapters examine the biochemical and molecular perturbations that appear during repair, aging, rheumatic disease, and cancer. Biological Regulation of the Chondrocytes will benefit rheumatologists, pharmaceutical researchers, physiologists, connective tissue specialists, and students and other researchers in the osteoarticular field.
- Autorzy: Monique Adolphe
- Wydawnictwo: Taylor & Francis
- Data wydania: 2022
- Wydanie: 1
- Liczba stron:
- Forma publikacji: ePub (online)
- Język publikacji: angielski
- ISBN: 9781351463935
BRAK MOŻLIWOŚCI POBRANIA PLIKU. Drukowanie: OGRANICZENIE DO 2 stron. Kopiowanie: OGRANICZENIE DO 2 stron.
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Preface
- The Editor
- Contributors
- Table of Contents
- Chapter 1 The Different Types of Chondrocytes and Their Function In Vivo
- I. Introduction
- II. Basic Composition of Cartilage Tissue
- III. Avian Cartilages
- A. Fetal Cartilage
- B. Postnatal Cartilage
- IV. Mammalian Cartilages
- A. Immature Forms
- 1. Rabbit Articular Cartilage
- 2. Rat Growth Plate Cartilage
- 3. Bovine Epiphyseal Cartilage
- B. Mature Forms
- 1. Rabbit Articular Cartilage
- 2. Adult Human Articular Cartilage
- 3. Mammalian Fibrocartilage
- 4. Rodent Respiratory Tract Cartilage
- V. Chondrocyte Culture Systems
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 2 Cartilage Collagens
- I. Introduction
- II. Structure and Organization Ofcartilage Collagens
- A. Type II Collagen
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Structure of Type II Collagen
- a Triple-Helical Domain
- b. C-Propeptide
- c. N-Propeptide
- B. Types XI and V Collagens
- 1. Structure
- a. The Three Chains of Type XI Collagen
- b. Structure of the Type XI Heterotrimer
- 2. Synthesis and Degradation of Type XI Collagen
- a. Synthesis of Type XI Collagen
- b. Protease Susceptibility
- 3. Fibril Formation and Interactions with Other Molecules
- 4. Conclusion
- C. Type IX Collagen
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Structure and Macromolecular Organization
- 3. Gene Structure
- 4. Synthesis and Degradation
- D. Type VI Collagen
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Structure and Macromolecular Organization
- 3. Tissular Organization
- E. Type X Collagen
- III. Control of Collagen Gene Expression
- A. Regulatory Sequences in Collagen Genes
- 1. Promoter Regulatory Elements
- 2. Intronic Elements
- 3. DNA Methylation
- 4. Regulatory Elements in Other Gene Regions
- B. Developmental and Tissue-Specific Control of Collagen Genes
- C. Exogenous Factors that Regulate Collagen Gene Expression
- D. Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 3 Proteoglycan, Hyaluronan, and Noncollagenous Matrix Protein Metabolism by Chondrocytes
- I. Introduction
- II. Metabolism of Proteoglycans
- A. Cartilage Proteoglycans
- B. Synthesis of Proteoglycans by Chondrocytes
- C. Incorporation into and the Catabolism of Proteoglycans within the Extracellular Matrix of Cartilage
- D. Regulation of Proteoglycan Metabolism by Chondrocytes
- III. Metabolism of Hyaluronan
- A. Hyaluronan in Cartilage
- B. Synthesis of Hyaluronan by Chondrocytes
- C. Incorporation into and the Catabolism of Hyaluronan within the Extracellular Matrix of Cartilage
- D. Regulation of Hyaluronan Metabolism by Chondrocytes
- IV. Metabolism of Noncollagenousmatrix Proteins
- A. Link Protein
- B. Anchorin CII
- C. Chondronectin
- D. Fibronectin
- E. Cartilage Matrix Protein
- F. Other Matrix Proteins of Cartilage
- G. Matrix Proteins of Hypertrophic Cartilage
- V. Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 4 Different Types of Cultured Chondrocytes The In Vitro Approach to the Study of Biological Regulation
- I. Introduction
- II. Organ Culture
- III. Monolayer Culture
- A. Division
- 1. Growth Factors and Hormones
- 2. Cytokines
- 3. Vitamins
- 4. Slowing of Division after Subculture (Chondrocyte in vitro Aging)
- 5. Division Modifications Induced by Drug Treatment
- B. Respiration
- C. Matrix Production
- 1. Growth Factors and Hormones
- 2. Vitamins
- 3. Cytokines
- 4. Matrix Modifications Induced by Drugs
- D. Catabolic Enzyme Release
- IV. Three-Dimensional Cell Culture
- V. Immortalized Cell Lines
- VI. Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 5 Roles of Fibroblast Growth Factor and Transforming Factor-ß Families in Cartilage Formation
- I. Introduction
- II. FGF
- A. FGF Gene Family
- B. bFGF is Present in Cartilage and Bone
- C. Release of bFGF from Matrix
- D. Mitogenic Actions of FGF
- E. Stabilization of Chondrocyte Phenotypic Expression
- F. Extracellular Matrix Synthesis
- G. FGF is an Inhibitor of Terminal Differentiation
- H. FGF Receptors
- I. Bone Fracture and Arthritis
- J. Mechanisms
- III. TGF-ß
- A. Synthesis and Activation of TGF-ß
- B. TGF-ß Induces Chondrogenic Differentiation in vitro
- C. Mitogenic Effects
- D. Stimulation of Extracellular Matrix Synthesis
- E. Inhibition of Terminal Differentiation
- F. TGF-ß Receptors
- G. Mechanisms for TGF-ß Actions
- H. TGF-ß Promotes Chondrogenesis IN Vivo
- I. BMPs
- IV. Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 6 Role of IGF in the Regulation of Chondrocytes
- I. Introduction
- II. Historical Perspective
- III. Epiphyseal Growth Plate Cartilage
- A. Somatomedin Hypothesis
- B. Growth Plate Chondrocyte Populations
- C. Transgenic Studies
- D. IGF-II as a Fetal Somatomedin
- IV. IGF Receptors
- A. Ligand-Receptor Interaction
- B. IGF Receptor Structure
- V. Articular Cartilage
- VI. Neoplastic Cartilage
- VII. IGF Interactions with Other growth Factors
- VIII. Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 7 Regulation of Chondrocytes by Cytokines
- I. Introduction
- II. Properties of IL-1 and TNF
- III. Actions of IL-1 and TNF on Chondrocytes
- IV. The Mechanism of Proteoglycan Degradation by Chondrocytes
- V. Modulation of Action of IL-1 or TNF by Other Agents
- VI. Mechanism of Action of IL-1 and TNF
- VII. Action of Interferons on Cartilage
- VIII. Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 8 Intercellular Regulation by Synoviocytes
- I. Introduction
- II. Synoviocytes
- III. Chondrocytes
- IV. Synovial Influence Over the Degradation of the Cartilaginous Matrix
- A. Catabolin and Interleukin-1
- B. Other Catabolic Cytokines
- C. Synovial Factors Which Inhibit Catabolism
- V. Synovial Influence Over the Synthesis of the Cartilaginous Matrix
- A. Synovial Factors Which Inhibit Matrix Synthesis
- B. Synovial Factors Which Increase Matrix Synthesis
- VI. Synovial Influence Over Other Aspects of Chondrocyte Metabolism
- A. Mitosis
- B. Eicosanoid Production
- C. Differentiation
- D. Other Effects
- VII. Other Synovial Factors
- VIII. Summary and Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 9 Articular Cartilage Repair: Potential Role of Growth and Differentiation Factors
- I. Introduction
- II. Cartilage Injury and Imperfect Repair
- III. Characterization of Osteogenin/Bonemorphogenetic Proteins in subchondral Bone
- IV. In Vitro Activity of Osteogenin and Related Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
- A. Monolayer Cultures
- B. Agarose Culture System
- C. The Articular Cartilage Explant Culture System
- V. Challenges for the Future
- References
- Chapter 10 Regulation of Chondrocytes in Aging
- I. Introduction
- II. Age-Related Changes in Cartilage
- A. Macroscopic Changes
- B. Cartilage Cellularity
- C. Alterations in Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Structure
- D. Synthesis of Extracellular Matrix by Aging Chondrocytes
- E. Formation of Inorganic Phosphate and Cartilage Calcification
- F. Cartilage Homeostasis and Responses to Injury in Aging
- III. Regulation of Chondrocytes in Aging
- A. Matrix Receptors
- B. Regulatory Factors and Their Receptors
- 1. Cytokines
- 2. Neuropeptides
- 3. Growth and Differentiation Factors
- C. Growth Factors as Ligands for Proteoglycan Receptors
- D. Interactions of Regulatory Factors
- E. Chondrocyte Growth Regulation in Aging
- F. Growth Factors, Signal Transduction, and Cellular Senescence
- IV. Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 11 Regulation of Chondrocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis
- I. Introduction
- II. The Immune Response
- A. The Generation of a Specific Immune Response
- B. Cytokines in the Synovial Membrane in Rheumatoid Arthritis
- III. Macrophage/Fibroblast-Derived Cytokines: Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects on the Immunological Cascade and on Connective Tissue Cell Metabolism
- A. Cytokines That Promote Connective Tissue Destruction
- 1. IL-1
- 2. Tnf-?
- 3. GM-CSF
- 4. FGF
- 5. PDGF
- B. Cytokines That May Promote Connective Tissue Repair
- 1. IL-6
- 2. TGF-ß
- 3. The Natural Cytokine Inhibitors
- a. IL-1 Receptor Antagonist
- b. TNF Inhibitors
- IV. Chondrocytes and the Production Of Cytokines: The Generation of An Autocrine Cytokine Pathway
- V. Cytokine Effects on Articular Chondrocytes in Explant Culture
- VI. The Chondrocyte in Articular Cartilage in Rheumatoid Arthritis
- VII. Conclusion: The Ultimate State of Articular Cartilage in a Rheumatoid Joint Results From A Balanced Effect of Positive and Negative Mediators on the Chondrocyte
- References
- Chapter 12 Regulation of Chondrocytes in Osteoarthrosis
- I. Introduction
- II. Regulation of Integration of Extracellular Matrix Components:Potential Alterations in OA
- A. Cartilage Collagens
- 1. Collagen Isotypes
- 2. Changes in OA
- B. Aggregating Cartilage Proteoglycan and Link Protein
- C. Small, Nonaggregating Cartilage Proteoglycans
- D. Noncollagenous Proteins
- E. Hyaluronic Acid
- III. Regulational Control Points(Transcriptional and Translational)in Biosynthesis of Extracellular Matrixcomponents: Potential Alterations in OA
- A. Collagens
- B. Proteoglycans
- C. Noncollagenous Proteins
- IV. Catabolic Enzymes Produced by Chondrocytes and Alterationsin Their Regulation in OA
- A. Matrix Metalloproteinases
- B. Cysteine Proteases
- V. Intracellular Events
- A. Proliferation
- B. Nutrition
- VI. Cartilage Repair
- VII. Mechanical Pressures
- References
- Chapter 13 Regulation of Tumor Derived and Immortalized Chondrocytes
- I. Introduction
- II. Chondrocytes Derived Fromchondrosarcoma
- A. Human Chondrosarcoma (HCS) Cell Lines
- 1. Hcs-2/8 Cells
- a. Growth Properties and Morphology
- b. Characterization of Proteoglycans
- c. Characterization of Collagens
- d. Tumorigenicity
- e. Autocrine Regulation of Expression of the Differentiated Phenotype of Chondrocytes by Insulin-Like Growth Factors (IGFs)
- f. Regulation of Proliferation and Differentiation of HCS-2/8 Cells by Other Factors
- g. Regulation of Calcification
- 2. Hcs-2/A Cells
- a. General Characteristics
- b. Regulation of Proliferation and Differentiation
- B. Swarm Rat Chondrosarcoma
- III. Chondrocytes Transformed Withoncogenic Viruses
- A. src
- B. Myc
- C. Others
- IV. Chemically Transformed Chondrocytes
- V. Spontaneously Immortalized Cell Lines
- VI. Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Index
W tej ofercie kupujesz kod dostępowy umożliwiający dostęp do wskazanej treści. Kod umożliwia dostęp do treści za pomocą przeglądarki WWW, dedykowanej aplikacji iOS (Apple) ze sklepu App Store lub dedykowanej aplikacji Android ze sklepu Play. Kod oraz instrukcje otrzymasz pocztą elektroniczną niezwłocznie po zaksięgowaniu płatności. Brak możliwości pobrania pliku.
Na podstawie art. 38 pkt 13 Ustawy z dnia 30 maja 2014 roku o prawach konsumenta realizując kod dostępowy rezygnujesz z prawa do odstąpienia od umowy zawartej na odległość.
Typ licencji: licencja wieczysta.
BRAK MOŻLIWOŚCI POBRANIA PLIKU.
NIE PRZESYŁAMY PLIKÓW E-MAILEM.